How to start building a house from a bar with your own hands. Where does the construction of a house begin? Wooden house where to start

Thinking of building a wooden house? Then, first of all, you need to decide on the construction budget. Approximately imagining the amount that you are willing to spend on making your dream come true, you will be able to quickly select the optimal project for the future building, suitable both in terms of comfort and practicality.

If you do not plan to build on your own, then the next step that you have to take is choosing a developer. To do this, it is best to analyze a list of at least three or four companies, while it is advisable to personally see those objects that were erected by potential builders of your house. In addition, one should proceed from the alleged professionalism of the developer, which can be assessed, among other things, by his readiness to clearly and in detail answer your questions.

The next necessary stage is design wooden house. In this case, you will have to choose - to purchase a standard project or order the development of an individual project. The main advantage of the latter is its originality and suitability for any specific needs of your family. However, be prepared for the fact that such a pleasure will come out for you in a round sum. In addition, when developing your own project, in no case try to save on the services of an architect, because an incorrect calculation of the technical parameters of a house can lead to the fact that it simply cannot be built. If you are not ready for large expenses, then you should still give preference standard project where you can make minor changes if necessary.

When developing or choosing a ready-made project, you should determine your requirements for the future home as accurately as possible. So, if you plan to live in the house all year round, then be sure to provide for a boiler room that will house the heating system. In addition, in a house designed for year-round use, one cannot do without a wide vestibule, which will prevent the penetration of cold air into heated rooms. It is better to design the placement of the kitchen and the bathroom on one wall - this solution will simplify the laying of sewers.

Think, perhaps, already at the design stage, you will want to combine the kitchen, dining room and living room in one room. In such a spacious room, all your family members will be able to gather in full force. A very practical thing is the zoning of the future home. For example, the sleeping area should be marked on the top floor or in the far part of the house so that other family members do not disturb the sleepers. Instead of one large bedroom, it is better to provide several small rooms - this will help to save heat more efficiently.

It is also important to correctly design the location of interior doors and stairs. It is recommended to build a house in such a way that the doors are located closer to the corners of the room, and there are as few walk-through areas as possible in the rooms, which are almost never used by the owners.

Finally, at the initial stage, it is correct to determine the land on which it will stand. Remember that it is not recommended to build wooden houses on moist, watery soil, otherwise interseasonal temperature changes can lead to foundation movements, which in turn increases the likelihood of warping the walls of the house.

Nine stages of building a wooden house

I propose to start by dividing everything that is connected with the process of building a wooden house into separate components - the fact is that all construction processes can be divided into nine stages.

Further, in this section, we will try to describe the components and features of each stage that are important in our opinion, focusing the attention of the future homeowner on interesting nuances and, of course, give our recommendations.

Choosing a site for a house

I am sure that every future homeowner will have to make a choice land plot according to many criteria. These criteria can differ significantly, but let's try to systematize the most important ones. In addition to, of course, the perspective that opens from the land, the slope, the absence of noise and silence, the presence of trees or shrubs - when choosing a site for construction, you should carefully study the type of soil of the site and access roads. The road and place for storage during construction will be a significant component in the organization of work. Good access roads can simplify the delivery and unloading of the house kit and building materials. They will not spoil your mood during trips to the site during the rainy months. In addition, good roads will bring significant time and budget savings in construction work.

The type of soil on the site can also significantly reduce your costs for the foundation and drainage from the house. Ideally - if the soil on the site is sandy - in this case, you can use an inexpensive strip shallowly buried foundation. In other cases, the design must be selected. It will be necessary to take into account the characteristics of the soil and the level of groundwater on the site. In addition, the type of soil and groundwater affect the plantings on the site. For example, with a low location of groundwater, it will be easier to form a garden of fruit trees and stone fruits. Our recommendation is to locate the house in a higher part of the site, and choose a site that is not too low in relation to the neighboring ones.

Choosing a project for a future wooden house

With a huge variety of projects that are offered today on sites, it is important to understand - not all projects can be built. Our first recommendation - if you have chosen a project - you should see this house in its built form. Having the opportunity to measure the project for yourself is quite important when determining the design solution for your home. But, of course, not all cottages can look as interesting as they looked on the site or on paper. Why is that? Because so many projects of wooden houses were developed in the 90s - in those days, the culture and technological solutions for building houses (more than the well-known summer cottage size of 6 × 6 meters) were formed. Not all projects were thought out From and To. In many, there was no sense in the planning decision and the nodes were not thought out. Structural interfaces, such as roofing and floor beams, were not sufficiently reliable, which created problems for future homeowners. Perhaps our opponent will say that you can build anything. Maybe... but at what cost? The cost of each ill-conceived decision in the construction of a house, including wood, is very high. Choose carefully. Do not hurry. You are always welcome to this independent specialist for the most objective evaluation the quality of each project. For our part, we offer you our planning solutions. You can evaluate each of them by visiting the built house. We hope that your choice of project will be the best decision for your family.

Foundation construction

Everyone knows The foundation is the foundation of any home.. And you certainly need a good solid foundation. In practice, the reliability of the foundation directly depends on several components: Who is doing? How does? What materials does it use?

You and I live in Russia and, of course, we notice that even in Moscow, roads and sidewalks are not ideal. The first question is who are the contractors?

We recommend that you choose a reliable and responsible contractor for the installation of the foundation of your house, and not a group of guest workers from the nearest construction market in the Moscow region. Involving an experienced foreman in the work will give confidence in the quality. Knowledge by workers of technological processes when pouring the foundation will eliminate the need to correct errors that will inevitably arise when accessing the services of guest workers who will tell you that "they can do everything." Everything as a whole will bring you savings and time, and Money. It will relieve you of unnecessary stress and tension for the nervous system.

The emphasis during the installation of the foundation must also be made on point 3 - “what it is made of”. The use of a high-quality ready-mix concrete of a high grade and a connected powerful reinforcing cage, a strong, precisely sized formwork is also a necessary component of a reliable and strong foundation for your wooden house. We recommend using ready-mixed concrete of classes not lower than B-17.5. In the construction of our houses, we use only B-22.5 concrete. According to the old Soviet classification system, it corresponds to the M-300 concrete grade. At the same time, the installation of the lower crown of the house on such a reliable foundation can be done within 5-10 days after pouring concrete into the formwork.

Assembling the box at home

Imagine that the foundation of your house is already ready. After that, and before the installation of the first crown, waterproofing work must be carried out. A special insulating material is laid on the surface of the foundation - reinforced waterproofing. This is a rolled material, which, based on frost-resistant bituminous mastic, is applied to a special reinforcing fabric. The material prevents the penetration of moisture into the lower crown.

Next, the installation of the house kit begins. It starts from the lower crown of the house. It, in turn, consists of a half crown and a crown covering it. It is important to carefully check the axial dimensions of the house and diagonals. The geometry of the lower crown must be perfect, as this is the basis of the geometry of the future house. Therefore, dimensions are checked with special care. As in the proverb: Seven times measure cut once.

Many of you will face a difficult choice - What material is better to choose for the walls of a wooden house? What section of a log or beam is better to use? What interventional insulation is preferable to use when assembling a box at home? Some consider it a sufficient and economically reasonable option - using a log diameter of 200 mm or 220 mm or a beam with a section of 145 mm or 160 mm. Other future homeowners believe that a wooden house built from natural logs of such diameters will not be warm enough and order larger material for the walls of the house - a log with a diameter of 280 mm or even 300 mm or a beam with a thickness of 240 mm or 280 mm. Which of them is right?

Let's hear the opinion on this issue from experts in wooden housing construction and ask for recommendations from our engineers. Of course, both the size of the log diameter and the thickness glued laminated timber significantly affect the quality and comfort of a wooden house. This directly affects how energy efficient and warm your home will be. At the same time, it is impossible to discard cases when the crooked hands of covens or random builders made a house even from a log with a section of 260 mm cold. Rather, even so that a house built from a diameter of 200 mm turned out to be of better quality and warmer.

According to experts, it is more important that when selecting raw materials for the manufacture of logs with a diameter of 280-300 mm, a sawlog of a larger section is used. And for a diameter of 200-220 mm - on the contrary, a younger forest. The result is an older sawlog with a stronger, more stable structure and, of course, a much thicker layer of solid wood. We get the desired effect - a large-diameter natural log has practically no spatial deformations and cracks less. The thick log has a slight shrinkage. It does not require difficult adjustment during installation. This way you end up with a different, higher build quality. The knots and joints will be tight even after the installation of the house kit and, after a while, after the shrinkage of the assembled box. The conclusion of the experts is that a house made of logs of large diameter will not only be warmer, but also of better quality. It must be taken into account that the effect of increasing the thickness of the wall material will be higher when using the northern forest and less significant when using wood from the regions neighboring Moscow.

The economic component is certainly not the last one when making an important decision on the cross section of the wall material. But think a few times - in fact, the difference of 200-300 thousand rubles in the total construction budget is less than 5%. Taking into account the future costs of heating the house, this difference will return to your pocket, and the advantages of a large diameter will always be with you and - completely free of charge.

An important component during the installation of the house kit are floor beams, floor beams and rafters. Here, too, the cross-section of building parts is important. We recommend using timber with a cross section of at least 200 mm. It is better to use rafters with a section of at least 200 × 50 mm. At our facilities, as an option, we offer our Customers the installation of these elements from Siberian larch.

During laying, the pitch of the rafters and beams should not be more than 60 cm. Such a distance between the load-bearing elements of the house's structures - beams and rafters, makes it possible to lay heat or soundproof boards efficiently and tightly.

When installing a house, it is worth looking ahead and foreseeing the measures that are indispensable for creating a comfortable home. What is meant? We mean the acoustic comfort inside the house and another important point - the ventilation of the walls. Many, including builders wooden houses they naively believe that the use of conventional interventional gasket materials will not create problems. They hope that they will "work" ... In fact, the following is obtained - the details of the walls of a wooden house - whether it be a log, glued or a simple profiled beam - undergo deformations and change size a little. In this case, the following happens: 1. Gaps appear between the crowns, including this happens in glued beams. 2. Details begin to breathe and creak.

There is no time for acoustic comfort - any movement in one part of the house is transmitted to other rooms. This is especially true of interfloor ceilings and internal walls of the attic. How to protect yourself from this? Experts in wooden housing construction recommend using only proven interventional heaters and seals. Our company uses such material. It's called Klimalan. The material is produced in Germany based on sheep wool, which has long been known as excellent thermal insulation and very effective sound insulation. Mezhventsovy heater "Klimalan" the highest class in terms of sound insulation and noise suppression is European Class A. Almost all of our customers have chosen this material to insulate the walls of their wooden houses.

Contour finish

The first stage of finishing a wooden house - what we call contour finishing - will begin with several types of preparatory work. This is, first of all, grinding the surfaces of the outer walls of the wooden one - without this, high-quality painting of the walls from the outside is impossible, then the ideal plane of the truss structure of the house is removed and it is prepared for the subsequent installation of insulation. This is followed by the finishing of cornices and overhangs of the protruding parts of the roof, then the installation of not the main, but the subfloor with its preliminary treatment with antiseptic compounds.

It is worth not to lose sight of the high-quality insulation of the junction of the fronts and the truss structure. The heat loss through the roof will also depend on how well it is insulated.

After the preparatory measures are completed, important work begins, namely, the insulation of the truss structure, or, in short, the insulation of the roof. It is advisable to pay attention to the size of the releases of cornices and roof overhangs. It must be more than 70 centimeters. We have gone even further in our projects. We offer a basic package, in which the overhangs are already 900 mm from the wall axis, and as an option we offer roof extensions of 1,200 and 1,500 mm. This is a real chalet. The building material that we use for finishing the roof overhangs is a thick dry finishing board. We do not recommend using any kind of plastic spotlights. The fact is that a wooden house (including glued laminated timber) will “breathe” and the plastic “lining” will quickly lose its shape. Keep in mind that the roofing material must be sufficient and not thin in section. This will protect the structure with small deformations and drying out.

Our recommendation is to use slab rather than roll insulation. Among them: Rockwool and Paroc. For mounting the top membrane film, it is better to use professional building films. Dörken films or Tyvek AirGuard® can be used, Tyvek® Soft is also suitable. The use of Dörken foils will help reduce heat loss through your roof. When the laying of the insulation is completed, you can begin the installation of the roof and the drainage system of the wooden house. In parallel with the installation of the roof, work can also be carried out to prepare for the installation of windows and external doors - the installation of fire monitors on door and window openings. In parallel, the installation of internal frame partitions is underway.

The final part of the contour finishing stage is priming and painting the walls of the house from the outside. For the past 7 years, our company has been using materials for priming and painting houses, which are produced by the German company Remmers. In accordance with the design decisions and the greater attractiveness of the facades of a wooden house, the outer walls and the finishing of the roof hemming and cornices are painted in contrastingly different colors. When the house is painted and the scaffolding is dismantled, the exterior finishing stage of the wooden house is almost completed. It remains for us to install window blocks, entrance doors and mount decorative trim elements on them.

Internal communications

Immediately after the completion of contour finishing, it becomes possible to mount engineering networks and communications inside a wooden house and connect them to external networks. We recommend that you make the necessary preparation for this stage in advance. At a minimum, make a sketch of the arrangement of furniture and plumbing fixtures, if you want to approach the issue of installing engineering with all seriousness and how to think about what and where will be located, a project will be needed. We work with each of the customers individually and try to adapt as much as possible engineering solution tailored to a particular project. It all starts with the interior and arrangement of furniture, layout of bathrooms, kitchen and arrangement of plumbing fixtures. Every detail is important, including the location of the sink, dishwasher and washing machine. It is important to determine how and in what way water will be supplied and sewage will be discharged. What fuel the boiler will have to run on. Do you need a boiler or is a flow heater sufficient? We will offer you the best engineering solution for heating and power supply of your home. Mutual understanding with the Customer and certainty in the goals and objectives for a particular house will help speed up the installation of engineering networks.

Fine finishing - finishing of a wooden house

The installation of communications has been completed - you can now proceed to the fine finish. Selected materials and a very skilled team of finishers are what you need to successfully implement your interior design plans. We recommend that before starting this stage, drive and see the already built houses with a completed fine finish. This will give you a more complete idea of ​​the breadth of the choice of building materials and will allow you to determine your preferences. The choice of floor material, decorative boards for ceilings is difficult to make from pictures in magazines and on the website - deep immersion is required, and we provide this opportunity at our facilities. Another important component of this stage is the actual work itself. Installation and installation of various parts and trim elements: window sills, stairs, decorative corners and trims - everything requires care and painstaking attitude. And another important detail is to ensure the correct selection of material. The use of the right material and the skillful hands of builders-finishers are the basis of the quality and long service life of the interior of the house. Engineers and foremen of our company during a visit to the objects will advise you on the use of different materials for the fine finishing of your wooden house.

Come visit us, get acquainted with our work, visit our facilities, and we will build your home with skill and care!

Construction wooden cottages continues to be popular to this day. And this is not surprising, because such buildings are easily and quickly erected, have good thermal insulation characteristics and are valued for their environmental friendliness. In a wooden house, a microclimate favorable for humans is formed, which is achieved due to the special structure of wood. This material provides natural ventilation of the room, maintains optimal humidity and releases phytoncides that have a healing effect. If you decide to build a wooden house, then our recommendations on the choice of material, as well as practical advice on the installation of structures, will come in handy.

The choice of material for the walls

To build a house out of wood, you can use one of two materials: a log or timber. Each of these materials can be divided into several varieties depending on the processing method.

Installation of wooden houses can be carried out using the following types of logs:

1. From logs it turns out an even beautiful log house. In fact, this is an ordinary log, from which the top layer was removed to level the surface and give it a cylindrical shape. However, this treatment somewhat reduces the resistance of wood to negative weather factors. This is due to the fact that in the layer under the bark there are many resins that protect the wood, and during cylindering this protective layer is completely removed. That is why this material needs the use of additional protection with the help of special chemical compounds.
2. Wooden house built from logs of natural shape, does not have such an attractive appearance. But the strength and durability of this product is much higher due to the presence of a natural protective layer with a high content of resins. The only drawback of this material is that after the walls are erected, they need a decorative finish.

The construction of a wooden house from a bar can be carried out using the following varieties:

1. Profiled timber- this is a wall material that undergoes special processing, as a result of which the product is given the correct geometric shape with grooves and ridges on two opposite sides. Thanks to this, you can quickly build a beautiful, even, sealed wall by laying insulating material between the bars. Such a wall does not need external and internal decoration.
2. Also, the construction of a house can be carried out using planed timber. The price of this material is more acceptable in comparison with profiled products, but its thermal insulation and aesthetic qualities leave much to be desired.
3. If you decide to build a house out of wood, then sawn timber can be used to equip the frame. Thanks to the use of this material, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of building cottages. With the use of sawn timber, you can build both a one-story and multi-story wooden house.

The construction of wooden houses can be carried out using frame-panel technology. In this case, in addition to a wooden frame made of sawn timber, the following products are used as wall materials:

• OSB - oriented strand board;
• chipboard;
• special moisture resistant plywood.

Chipboard and moisture resistant plywood have recently given way to OSB. This material is used for arranging the outer and inner surface of the walls. frame house. In addition, it is indispensable when making a continuous roof sheathing for laying flexible roofing material.

Important: the cheapest will be a house built according to frame technology. Its price is within 190 $/m². A little more expensive ($ 270 / m²) will cost a building made of logs. The most expensive wooden house will be made from glued beams.

Foundation of a wooden house

Answering the question of where to start building a wooden house, we can say that here the technology does not differ from the traditional construction method, and the installation of the building should begin with the arrangement of the foundation. Since wood walls are relatively light, there is no need to carry out an expensive recessed strip foundation, as is usually done in private construction.

You can build a wooden house on a columnar or pile screw base. The choice of one or another type of foundation depends on the characteristics of the soil in the construction area, the depth of groundwater, and the freezing point of the soil.

Quite often, a wooden house is built on a columnar foundation. This is a fairly reliable foundation that does not require large financial and physical costs for construction. There is also a significant reduction in earthworks which also saves money. Home poles can be made from reinforced concrete, steel pipes filled with rebar and concrete, prefabricated blocks, bricks, natural stone, or specially crafted wood logs. The depth of laying such a foundation can vary significantly and depends on geological and weather factors.

Important: columnar foundations should not be made on soils subject to frost heaving forces and unstable foundations.

If the construction of a wooden house will be carried out on sandy soils or in a swampy area, it is advisable to choose a pile-screw foundation. It can also be used when building on a slope, on a site with uneven terrain or on soils that are characterized by the presence of loose unstable rocks in the upper layers.

Installation of the pile foundation can be carried out independently without the use of special construction equipment. As screw piles, a steel pipe with a screw blade welded at the end is used. The pipe is screwed into the ground to a depth of about 2.5 m. After that, reinforcement is installed in the pipe cavity and poured with concrete. Piles are mounted with equal spacing (1-1.5 m) under all load-bearing walls. To give the structure rigidity in the upper part, all piles are connected into a single structure by means of a grillage.

Attention: the installation depth of the pile is such that its base rests on solid rock.

The nuances of the construction process

If the construction of a wooden house is carried out independently, then you should follow the recommendations of experts:

1. In a wooden house, you can use the lower crown or the first beam in the wall structure as a grillage. Before laying it, the basement of the house should be isolated from wood with insulating material. Usually two layers of roofing material are used for this.
2. If the construction of cottages is carried out from a log, then the elements of the strapping crown are fastened in the corners of the house in half a tree and additionally fixed with dowels made of oak or birch wood. To do this, three holes are made in the strapping beam with a step of 35 cm. The dowels are installed in a checkerboard pattern.

Important: when installing the strapping beam, it is important to check not only the horizontalness of its installation, but also the correctness of the angles. They must be strictly 90 degrees.

1. After laying the crown or lower beam, beams (lag) are installed to equip the floor. They are stacked in increments of 70 cm and fastened to the crown. Boards with a thickness of 40 mm are used as a subfloor. Insulation is placed in the gap between the beams. The finish coating can be made from grooved boards with a thickness of 3.5 cm.
2. When laying the lower crown, you should not forget about engineering communications. To do this, cuts of a suitable size are made in a bar or log.
3. When installing walls from a bar, the gaps between the elements are sealed with jute tape. It increases the degree of tightness of the walls. However, after the installation of all wall elements, the gaps between them will have to be additionally caulked.
4. Usually in a wooden house a gable roof is made. This is the easiest option to do it yourself. In addition, under a gable roof, you can equip an attic or make a heated attic, thereby increasing the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. The rafter system is made of bars with a section of 150x40 mm. They are mounted in increments of 90 cm. A bar with a section of 100x40 mm is suitable for making braces and racks. To carry out the crate, an unedged board with a thickness of at least 2.5 cm is used. Usually, the crate is installed in increments of 30-40 cm.
5. As a roofing, you can use metal tiles, slate, flexible roll materials, corrugated board.

Consumption ecology. Manor: Where does the construction of a wooden house begin and what should you know before you start it?

Suppose you have long dreamed of a cozy country house or a traditional bath in addition to existing housing. Whatever the purpose of a new building made of wood, its construction at first glance may seem overly complicated, incomprehensible or unreasonably expensive. In practice, whether it will be so or not is influenced by several factors at once, from the choice of reliable specialists and suitable materials to timely awareness of all stages of construction. Where does the construction of a wooden house begin and what should you know before you start it?

The process of building any wooden building can be divided into two stages: the creation of a wooden house project and its direct construction. Of course, in reality, everything is somewhat more complicated: each stage poses its own tasks for the customer and contractor, requiring well-thought-out solutions. Careful preparation for construction is as necessary a basis for a house as its foundation, and that is why the key role is given to the creation of a detailed project of the future building in the first place.

Based on your preferences and budget, you can:

order a turnkey project - in this case, everything from the foundation to the exterior is designed according to individual wishes, all your ideas are taken into account and tasks of any complexity are completed;

create a project based on an existing one - any finished project that you like can be adapted by specialists to your requirements (for example, the internal layout has been changed);

choose one of the objects under construction - projects under construction or unfinished for any reason houses can become good option for those who prefer faster and more economical construction.

Experienced specialists in the field of wooden house construction will help you choose a ready-made solution or implement an individual project based on sketches.

What is a wooden log house project?

A well-thought-out project of the future building solves several problems at once: during its development, all stages of construction are planned, the types of materials used and their quantity are agreed upon, architectural and structural solutions are worked out, and possible options for arranging furniture and external decorative elements are considered. In other words, the more carefully the project is prepared, the less likely it is for errors, additional costs and unforeseen situations during the construction process.

What do the specifications for each project include?

House type

Depending on the purpose of the building, the desired style and cost, it can be a frame or log house, a round log or gun carriage structure. The advantages of a log cabin made of round wood are excellent natural thermal insulation and a traditional look; houses made of gun carriage (semi-oval double-edged timber), thanks to flat inner walls, simplify planning and have a large interior space. The Norwegian frame house, which is still little known in Russia, combines the advantages of log and frame structures: buildings of this type are very warm and relatively small in weight and are cheaper than log cabins.

materials

The materials used, from wood to internal insulation, determine both the general appearance of a wooden house and its functionality. In the construction of wooden buildings, depending on climatic conditions and architectural solutions pine, larch, cedar and spruce are used, differing from each other in terms of moisture resistance, thermal insulation, strength and, of course, appearance. Wood harvesting is a laborious and lengthy process, so it is very important to agree on the types and quantities of all required materials even at the project development stage.

foundation type

The foundation of the house is in many ways the key to its longevity. When choosing the type of foundation (slab, tape, on screw piles, pile-grillage), it is worth considering the landscape and the state of the soil where the building will stand. as well as the materials from which the house will be made. The severity of the log house, the gradual shrinkage of the entire building and natural factors will test the foundation for strength over and over again - having made the right choice at the beginning of construction, you will not have to worry about it even years later.

In addition, the project of a wooden house specifies in detail the exact dimensions of the house, linking the building to the terrain, installation schemes and the location of individual elements (door and window openings, support pillars, log slabs, etc.), the technologies used (for example, Norwegian or Canadian felling ), layout, decorative elements, cost and much more. Putting all this together, the project gives the most complete picture of how further construction will take place and what exactly your dream home will be like. published